The most common benign condition

Uterine fibroids — diagnosis and personalized treatment

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) affect up to 70% of women of reproductive age. Although benign, they can cause significant symptoms. Dr. Alin Constantin offers thorough evaluation and minimally invasive treatment with fertility preservation.

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Myomectomy with uterine preservation

Laparoscopic and hysteroscopic techniques

Fertility preserved

What uterine fibroids are

Uterine fibroids — what you need to know

Uterine fibroids (myomas or leiomyomas) are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that develop from the muscle of the uterus. They are extremely common — up to 70% of women will develop at least one fibroid over their lifetime, though not all will be symptomatic.

Fibroids vary considerably in size (from a few millimeters to large masses), number, and location — all of which influence symptoms and the treatment approach.

Types of fibroids by location

Submucosal — grow inside the uterine cavity; the most symptomatic, a frequent cause of heavy bleeding and infertility
Intramural — develop within the thickness of the uterine wall; the most common type
Subserosal — grow toward the outside of the uterus; can reach large sizes without initial symptoms
Pedunculated — attached to the uterus by a stalk; can be submucosal or subserosal

✓ Fertility preservation available

Symptoms

Symptoms of uterine fibroids

Approximately 50% of fibroids are asymptomatic and do not require treatment. When symptoms appear, they can vary in intensity.

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Abnormal bleeding

Heavy menstrual bleeding (menometrorrhagia), prolonged bleeding, bleeding between periods. Can cause iron-deficiency anemia.

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Pain and discomfort

Pelvic pressure, increased menstrual pain, back or leg pain. In rare cases, torsion of a pedunculated fibroid causes acute pain (from ischemia).

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Urinary and bowel symptoms

Frequent urination, urinary incontinence, constipation — caused by pressure from large fibroids on the bladder or rectum.

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Fertility problems

Submucosal or large intramural fibroids can interfere with embryo implantation or cause recurrent miscarriage.

Asymptomatic fibroids: If fibroids do not cause symptoms, periodic monitoring with ultrasound is often enough — no treatment needed.

Treatment options

Treatment for uterine fibroids

The treatment approach depends on symptoms, size and location of the fibroids, desire to preserve fertility, and the patient's age.

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Active monitoring

For small, asymptomatic fibroids — ultrasound at 6–12 months to follow their progression. After menopause, fibroids tend to shrink spontaneously.

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Medical treatment

Anti-inflammatories for pain, hormones to control bleeding, GnRH agonists to temporarily shrink fibroids (preparation for surgery).

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Myomectomy

Removal of fibroids with preservation of the uterus. Available laparoscopically (intramural/subserosal fibroids), hysteroscopically (submucosal fibroids), or robotically for complex cases.

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Hysterectomy

Removal of the uterus — a definitive option for severe cases in women who do not wish to become pregnant. Performed laparoscopically or robotically, with fast recovery.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions about fibroids

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors — the risk of malignant transformation is extremely low (under 0.1%). Uterine sarcoma, a malignant tumor, can look similar to a fibroid on ultrasound, which is why regular medical monitoring is important.
Yes — myomectomy is the recommended procedure for women who want to preserve their fertility. After a properly performed laparoscopic or hysteroscopic myomectomy, chances of pregnancy improve, especially for fibroids that were distorting the uterine cavity. Pregnancy is usually possible 3–6 months after surgery.
After myomectomy, there is a recurrence risk (new fibroids forming) of approximately 15–30% over 5 years. This risk is higher in younger women and in those with multiple fibroids. After menopause, fibroids no longer grow, so recurrences are rare.