The most common benign condition

Uterine fibroids — diagnosis and personalized treatment

Up to 70% of women develop uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) by the age of 50. Although benign, they can cause significant symptoms. Dr. Alin Constantin offers thorough evaluation and minimally invasive treatment with fertility preservation.

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Myomectomy with uterine preservation

Laparoscopic and hysteroscopic techniques

Fertility-sparing options

What uterine fibroids are

Uterine fibroids — what you need to know

Uterine fibroids (myomas or leiomyomas) are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that develop from the muscle of the uterus. They are very common — up to 70% of women develop at least one fibroid by the age of 50, though many never have symptoms.

Fibroids vary considerably in size (from a few millimeters to large masses), number, and location — all of which influence symptoms and the treatment approach.

Types of fibroids by location

Submucosal — grow inside the uterine cavity; most often associated with heavy bleeding and fertility problems
Intramural — develop within the thickness of the uterine wall; the most common type
Subserosal — grow toward the outside of the uterus; can reach large sizes without initial symptoms
Pedunculated — attached to the uterus by a stalk; can be submucosal or subserosal

✓ Fertility preservation available

Symptoms

Symptoms of uterine fibroids

Many fibroids cause no symptoms and do not require treatment. When symptoms appear, they can vary in intensity.

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Abnormal bleeding

Heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), prolonged bleeding, bleeding between periods. Can cause iron-deficiency anemia.

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Pain and discomfort

Pelvic pressure, increased menstrual pain, back or leg pain. In rare cases, torsion of a pedunculated fibroid causes acute pain (from ischemia).

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Urinary and bowel symptoms

Frequent urination, urinary incontinence, constipation — caused by pressure from large fibroids on the bladder or rectum.

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Fertility problems

Submucosal or large intramural fibroids can interfere with embryo implantation or cause recurrent miscarriage.

Asymptomatic fibroids: If fibroids do not cause symptoms, periodic monitoring with ultrasound is often enough — no treatment needed.

Treatment options

Treatment for uterine fibroids

The treatment approach depends on symptoms, size and location of the fibroids, desire to preserve fertility, and the patient's age.

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Active monitoring

For small, asymptomatic fibroids — ultrasound at 6–12 months to follow their progression. After menopause, fibroids tend to shrink spontaneously.

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Medical treatment

Anti-inflammatories for pain, hormones to control bleeding, GnRH agonists to temporarily shrink fibroids (preparation for surgery).

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Myomectomy

Removal of fibroids with preservation of the uterus. Available laparoscopically (intramural/subserosal fibroids), hysteroscopically (submucosal fibroids), or robotically for complex cases.

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Hysterectomy

Removal of the uterus — a definitive option for severe cases in women who do not wish to become pregnant. Performed laparoscopically or robotically, with fast recovery.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions about fibroids

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors — malignant transformation is very rare. Uterine sarcoma, a malignant tumor, can look similar to a fibroid on ultrasound, which is why regular medical monitoring is important.
Yes — myomectomy is the usual surgical option for women who want to preserve their fertility. After myomectomy, the chances of pregnancy can improve, especially when fibroids were distorting the uterine cavity. The timing of pregnancy after surgery is decided individually, often after a few months.
After myomectomy, new fibroids can form over time. This risk is higher in younger women and in those with multiple fibroids. After menopause, fibroids no longer grow, so recurrences are rare.